#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    volatile int x = 10;
    while (x == 10) {
        printf("x is %d\n", x);
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
In C programming, a volatile variable is a variable that is subject to sudden and
unpredictable changes outside of the control of the program. This may occur due to 
various external factors such as hardware events, system events or other threads.

When a variable is declared volatile, the compiler is instructed to avoid performing
certain optimizations on the variable, such as caching its value in a register or 
assuming that it has a constant value. This is because a change in the variable 
value could occur at any time, and the program should always be prepared for it.

Volatile variables are used in embedded systems programming or in situations where a program interacts with external hardware or other processes. By declaring the variable as volatile, we ensure that the variable value is always accessed from its memory location, and not from a cached copy, thus ensuring the correctness of the program.
*/