import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.text.*;

// The main method must be in a class named "Main".
class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            f();
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            System.out.println("toString(): " + ex);
            System.out.println("getClass(): " + ex.getClass().getName());
            System.out.println("getPackage(): " + ex.getClass().getPackage().getName());
            System.out.println("getMessage(): " + ex.getMessage());
            System.out.println("getStackTrace(): " +
              Arrays.stream(ex.getStackTrace())
                .map(StackTraceElement::toString)
                .collect(Collectors.joining(",")));
            System.out.println("getStackTrace(): " +
              String.join(
                ",",
                Arrays.stream(ex.getStackTrace())
                  .map(StackTraceElement::toString)
                  .toArray(String[]::new)
              )
            );
            System.out.println("getCause(): " + ex.getCause());
        }
    }
    
    private static void f() throws Exception {
        g();
    }
    
    private static void g() throws Exception {
        h();
    }
    
    private static void h() throws Exception {
        throw new IOException("file is missing", new ParseException("parsing failed", 42));
    }
}