#include <iostream>

#if 0
/*It's worth noting that C++ provides several standard exception classes such as
std::invalid_argument, std::domain_error, std::out_of_range, std::length_error,
std::range_error, std::overflow_error, std::underflow_error, and std::logic_error
which are derived from the std::exception class, these standard exception classes 
are commonly used to indicate specific types of errors and help in better
understanding the errors, and make error handling more robust.*/
int add(int a, int b) {
    if (b < 0) {
        throw "negative number not allowed";
    }
    return a + b;
}

int diff(int a, int b) {
    if(a > b) {
        throw "difference is negative";
    }
    return a - b;
}

int main() {
    int a = 5, b = -2;
    try {
        std::cout << "Result: " << diff(a, b) << std::endl;
    } catch (const char* e) {
        std::cout << "Error: " << e << std::endl;
    }
    
    try {
        std::cout << "Result: " << add(a, b) << std::endl;
    } catch (const char* e) {
        std::cout << "Error: " << e << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}
#endif

#include <stdexcept>

int add(int a, int b) {
    if (b < 0) {
        throw std::invalid_argument("Negative numbers are not allowed as second argument in add function");
    }
    return a + b;
}

int diff(int a, int b) {
    if(a > b) {
        throw std::domain_error("First argument should be less than second argument in diff function");
    }
    return a - b;
}

int main() {
    int a = 5, b = -2;
    try {
        std::cout << "Result: " << diff(a, b) << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Result: " << add(a, b) << std::endl;
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
    }
    
    try {
        std::cout << "Result: " << add(a, b) << std::endl;
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}