#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    int t;
    cin>>t;
    while(t--){
        int n;
        cin>>n;
        int p[n]={0};
        int tt=0;
        int maxim=0;
        for(int i=1;i<n;i++){
            cin>>p[i];
            if((p[i]>p[i-1]) && (p[i]>=maxim)){
                tt=tt+2*p[i]-maxim;
                maxim=max(p[i],maxim);
            }else{
                tt=tt+p[i];
            }
        }
        cout<<tt<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

Embed on website

To embed this project on your website, copy the following code and paste it into your website's HTML: