import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;

// The main method must be in a class named "Main".
class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        // STRINGS
        
        String alphabets = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
        System.out.println("Here is the length of the alphabets: " + alphabets.length());
        System.out.println("In upper case: " + alphabets.toUpperCase());
        System.out.println("In lower case: " + alphabets.toLowerCase());
        
        
        // CONCATINATION
        String firstName1 = "John";
        String lastName1 = "Doe";
        System.out.println(firstName1 + " " + lastName1);
        
        String firstName = "John ";
        String lastName = "Doe";
        System.out.println(firstName.concat(lastName));
        
        // SPECIAL CHARACTERS
        
        System.out.println("Hello, i am here 'dfdf'.");
    }
}