Here are several types of encryption algorithms:

Symmetric Encryption Algorithms:

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Data Encryption Standard (DES)
Triple DES (3DES)
Blowfish
RC4
Twofish


Asymmetric Encryption Algorithms:

Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA)
Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)
Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange
ElGamal


Hash Functions (Used for data integrity and digital signatures):

Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512)
Message Digest Algorithm (MD5)


Key Exchange Protocols:

Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange
Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH)
Secure Remote Password (SRP)


Hybrid Encryption:

Combines symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms for improved 
security and efficiency. For example, a common approach is to use 
asymmetric encryption for key exchange and symmetric encryption for bulk
data encryption.


Stream Ciphers:

Encrypts data one bit or byte at a time, typically used for real-time communication.
Examples include RC4 and Salsa20.


Block Ciphers:

Encrypts data in fixed-size blocks, commonly used for file or disk encryption.
Examples include AES, DES, and Blowfish.

Cryptsetup with LUKS is not an example of a block cipher itself, it is a 
disk encryption utility that utilizes a block cipher for securing data on
Linux systems.