// Ans:03

const personName: string = "Eric";

// lowerCase
console.log(personName.toLowerCase());


// upperCase
console.log(personName.toUpperCase());

// titlecase
let firstLetter: String = personName.charAt(0).toUpperCase();
let restLetters: string = personName.slice(1).toLowerCase();

let titleCase = firstLetter + restLetters;

console.log(titleCase);

// Ans:15

const myfriends = ["Asim", "Faheem", "Azeem"];
console.log(`Due to some personal reasons, Mr.${myfriends[1]} will not come to my dinner `);



// Ans:18

// Define the array of places
let places: string[] = ["Tokyo", "Paris", "Sydney", "New York", "Rome"];

// Print the array in its original order
console.log("Original Order:", places);

// Print the array in alphabetical order without modifying the original list
console.log("Alphabetical Order:", [...places].sort());

// Show that the array is still in its original order
console.log("Original Order:", places);

// Print the array in reverse alphabetical order without changing the original list
console.log("Reverse Alphabetical Order:", [...places].sort().reverse());

// Show that the array is still in its original order
console.log("Original Order:", places);

// Reverse the order of the list
places.reverse();
console.log("Reversed Order:", places);



// Ans:19
interface Person { name: string;}

function countDinnerGuests(people: Person[]): void {
const numGuests = people.length;
console.log(`You are inviting ${numGuests} people to dinner.`);
}

const guests: Person[] = [
{ name: "Asim" }, 
{ name: "Faheem" }, 
{ name: "Azeem" }
];

countDinnerGuests(guests);


//Ans:20
// Define an array of mountains
let mountains: string[] = ["Mount Everest", "K2", "Kgchenjunga", "Lhotse", "Makalu"];

// Print the list of mountains
console.log("List of mountains:");
mountains.forEach((mountain, index) => {
console.log(`${index + 1}. ${mountain}`);
});


//Answer:21
// Define types for the items
interface Item {
  name: string;
  category: string;
  quantity: number;
}

// Create objects containing different items
const item1: Item = {
  name: "Apples",
  category: "Fruit",
  quantity: 10
};

const item2: Item = {
  name: "Milk",
  category: "Dairy",
  quantity: 2
};

const item3: Item = {
  name: "Bread",
  category: "Bakery",
  quantity: 1
};

// Print out the objects
console.log("Item 1:", item1);
console.log("Item 2:", item2);
console.log("Item 3:", item3);



// Ans: 22.Intentional Error:

let array: number[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
let index = 10; // Intentionally setting an index that is out of bounds

try {
    let element = array[index]; // Accessing an element with an out-of-bounds index
console.log("Element at index", index, ":", element);
} catch (error) {
console.error("Error:", error.message);
}

// Correcting the error by checking if the index is within bounds
if (index >= 0 && index <array.length) {
    let element = array[index];
console.log("Element at index", index, ":", element);
} else {
console.error("Index out of bounds.");
}


  // Answ:23
let car: string = 'subaru';

console.log("Is car == 'subaru'? I predict True.");
console.log(car === 'subaru');

console.log("Is car == 'honda'? I predict False.");
console.log(car === 'honda');

console.log("Is car != 'toyota'? I predict True.");
console.log(car !== 'toyota');

console.log("Is car != 'subaru'? I predict False.");
console.log(car !== 'subaru');

console.log("Is car.includes('su')? I predict True.");
console.log(car.includes('su'));

console.log("Is car.includes('ford')? I predict False.");
console.log(car.includes('ford'));

console.log("Is car.length> 5? I predict False.");
console.log(car.length> 5);

console.log("Is car.length< 10? I predict True.");
console.log(car.length< 10);

console.log("Is car.charAt(0) === 's'? I predict True.");
console.log(car.charAt(0) === 's');

console.log("Is car.charAt(2) === 'b'? I predict True.");
console.log(car.charAt(2) === 'b');



// Ans24

// Tests for equality and inequality with strings
let string1: string = "hello";
let string2: string = "world";
console.log(string1 === string2); // false
console.log(string1 !== string2); // true

// Tests using the lower case function
let str1: string = "Hello";
let str2: string = "hello";
console.log(str1.toLowerCase() === str2.toLowerCase()); // true

// Numerical tests involving equality and inequality, greater than and less than, greater than or equal to, and less than or equal to
let num1: number = 5;
let num2: number = 10;
console.log(num1 === num2); // false
console.log(num1 !== num2); // true
console.log(num1 > num2); // false
console.log(num1 < num2); // true
console.log(num1 >= num2); // false
console.log(num1 <= num2); // true

// Tests using "and" and "or" operators
let x: number = 10;
let y: number = 5;
let z: number = 15;
console.log((x > y) && (x < z)); // true
console.log((x > y) || (x > z)); // true

// Answer25

let alien_color: string = 'green';

if (alien_color === 'green') {
console.log("Player just earned 5 points");
}



//Ans28. Stages of Life:  
let age: number = 30;

if (age < 2) {
console.log("The person is a baby");
} else if (age >= 2 && age < 4) {
console.log("The person is a toddler");
} else if (age >= 4 && age < 13) {
console.log("The person is a kid");
} else if (age >= 13 && age < 20) {
console.log("The person is a teenager");
} else if (age >= 20 && age < 65) {
console.log("The person is an adult");
} else {
console.log("The person is an elder");
}


//Ans29. Favorite Fruit:  
let favorite_fruits: string[] = ["banana", "apple", "orange"];

if (favorite_fruits.includes("banana")) {
console.log("You really like bananas!");
}

if (favorite_fruits.includes("apple")) {
console.log("You really like apples!");
}

if (favorite_fruits.includes("orange")) {
console.log("You really like oranges!");
}

if (favorite_fruits.includes("strawberry")) {
console.log("You really like strawberries!");
}

if (favorite_fruits.includes("kiwi")) {
console.log("You really like kiwis!");
}


//Ans31. No Users:  
let usernames: string[] = []; // Empty array

if (usernames.length === 0) {
console.log("We need to find some users!");
} else {
for (let username of usernames) {       if (username === "admin") {
console.log("Hello admin, would you like to see a status report?");
    } else {console.log(`Hello ${username}, thank you for logging in again.`);   } }}
//Ans32. Checking Usernames:  
let current_users: string[] = ["john", "alice", "bob", "charlie", "david"];
let new_users: string[] = ["eric", "ALICE", "mike", "david", "sarah"];

for (let new_user of new_users) {
 let usernameTaken: boolean = false;
 for (let current_user of current_users) {
 if (new_user.toLowerCase() === current_user.toLowerCase()) {
usernameTaken = true;
   break;
  }
    }
    if (usernameTaken) {
console.log(`Sorry, ${new_user} is already taken. Please enter a new username.`);
    } else {
console.log(`${new_user} is available.`);
    }
}
//Ans33. Ordinal Numbers
let numbers: number[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];

for (let number of numbers) {
    let ordinal: string;
    if (number === 1) {
        ordinal = "st";
    } else if (number === 2) {
        ordinal = "nd";
    } else if (number === 3) {
        ordinal = "rd";
    } else {
        ordinal = "th";
    }
console.log(`${number}${ordinal}`);
}
//Ans34. Pizzas:  
let favorite_pizzas: string[] = ["pepperoni", "margherita", "vegetarian"];

for (let pizza of favorite_pizzas) {
console.log(`I like ${pizza} pizza.`);
}

console.log("I really love pizza!");
//Ans35. Animals:  
let animals: string[] = ["dog", "cat", "rabbit"];

for (let animal of animals) {
console.log(`A ${animal} would make a great pet.`);
}

console.log("Any of these animals would make a great pet!");

//Ans  36. T-Shirt:  
function make_shirt(size: string, message: string): void {
console.log(`Shirt size: ${size}, Message: ${message}`);
}

// Call the function
make_shirt("medium", "Hello, World!");


//Ans38 Cities:  
function describe_city(city: string, country: string = "Unknown"): void {
console.log(`${city} is in ${country}.`);
}

// Call the function for three different cities
describe_city("Karachi", "Pakistan");
describe_city("Tokyo", "Japan");
describe_city("New York");
// Ans39. City Names 
function city_country(city: string, country: string): string {
    return `${city}, ${country}`;
}

// Call the function with three city-country pairs and print the returned values
console.log(city_country("Lahore", "Pakistan"));
console.log(city_country("Paris", "France"));
console.log(city_country("New York", "USA"));

//Ans40. Album
function make_album(artist: string, title: string, tracks?: number): Record<string, any> {
    let album: Record<string, any> = {
        "artist": artist,
        "title": title
    };
    if (tracks !== undefined) {
        album["tracks"] = tracks;
    }
    return album;
}

// Call the function to make three dictionaries representing different albums
let album1 = make_album("Artist1", "Album1");
let album2 = make_album("Artist2", "Album2", 12); // including the number of tracks
let album3 = make_album("Artist3", "Album3");

// Print each return value to show that objects are storing the album information correctly
console.log(album1);
console.log(album2);
console.log(album3);


//Ans44.Sandwiches:  
function makeSandwich(...ingredients: string[]): void {
console.log("Making a sandwich with:");
ingredients.forEach((ingredient) => {
console.log("- " + ingredient);
    });
console.log("Enjoy your sandwich!\n");
}

// Call the function with different numbers of arguments
makeSandwich("ham", "cheese", "lettuce");
makeSandwich("turkey", "avocado");
makeSandwich("peanut butter", "jelly");

//Ans45.Cars:  
interface Car {
    manufacturer: string;
  model: string;
   [key: string]: any; // Allow arbitrary key-value pairs
}

function createCar(manufacturer: string, model: string, ...options: [string, any][]): Car {
const car: Car = { manufacturer, model };

  // Adding additional options
options.forEach(([key, value]) => {
        car[key] = value;
  });

    return car;
}

const myCar: Car = createCar("Toyota", "Corolla", ["color", "blue"], ["year", 2022]);

console.log(myCar);