R is a programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics. Created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland and first released in 1993, R is an open-source implementation of the S statistical language. It has become the dominant language for academic statistics, biostatistics, and data science research.
R treats data analysis as a first-class concern, vectors, matrices, data frames, and statistical distributions are built into the language core. Its vectorized operations let you perform computations on entire datasets without explicit loops. The CRAN repository hosts over 20,000 packages covering statistics, machine learning, visualization, bioinformatics, econometrics, and more.
What is R used for?
R is used for statistical analysis and hypothesis testing, data visualization with ggplot2 (the gold standard for publication-quality charts), machine learning with caret, tidymodels, and xgboost, bioinformatics and genomics via Bioconductor, econometrics and financial analysis, and reproducible research with R Markdown and Shiny web applications. Universities worldwide teach R as the primary language for statistics.
R for beginners
R is the language to learn if you are entering data science, statistics, or academic research. Its syntax for data manipulation is different from general-purpose languages, vectors and data frames are central, but the tidyverse ecosystem (dplyr, ggplot2, tidyr) makes data analysis remarkably readable. Use myCompiler's online R compiler to practice data manipulation and statistical computations with pre-installed libraries, no local setup needed.
R vs other languages
Compared to Python for data science, R has superior statistical functionality and visualization (ggplot2), while Python has a broader ecosystem for machine learning, deployment, and production systems. Many data scientists use both, Python for engineering and deployment, R for statistics and research. Compared to MATLAB / Octave, R is free, has a larger package ecosystem, and is better suited for statistical work, while MATLAB is stronger for numerical simulation and engineering.
Why use an online R compiler?
An online R compiler, also called an R sandbox or R REPL, lets you run R code directly in your browser without installing R and RStudio locally. This is ideal for learning R syntax, practicing tidyverse operations, testing ggplot2 visualizations, and working through statistical concepts in courses without complex local setup.
myCompiler's online R IDE comes with popular libraries pre-installed including ggplot2, dplyr, tidyr, and data.table. Plots are rendered and displayed in the output panel. You can provide data via stdin, save programs, and share via URL, all free.
Why is R so popular?
R's popularity in academia is unmatched, it is the primary language of statistical research and is taught in virtually every statistics department worldwide. The tidyverse, Hadley Wickham's collection of R packages for data science, transformed R's usability and brought it to a new generation of analysts and data scientists. R Shiny enables data scientists to build interactive web dashboards purely in R, further broadening its adoption in industry.
R career opportunities
R skills are valued for data scientist, statistician, biostatistician, quantitative analyst, and data analyst roles. Pharmaceutical companies, research institutions, government agencies, and financial firms hire R users extensively. Combined with Python skills, R knowledge makes you a comprehensive data science candidate.